Showing posts with label 2013 PISA scores. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 2013 PISA scores. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 5, 2014

R.I.P. No Child Left Behind: You Were A Mulit-Billion Dollar Failure!

SOMEWHERE, in a dimly-lit bar, America’s education leaders gather. Arne Duncan cradles his head in his hands. He’s weeping. Michelle Rhee, once chancellor of the Washington, D.C. schools, is passed out on the floor.

Rod Paige, Secretary of Education under President George W. Bush, takes another slug of beer. Then he tries to explain how the “Texas Miracle” was actually real. Even his drinking buddies know that’s bull%$#@.

They’re just too polite to call him on it.

Right now, they’re listening to former NYC mayor Michael Bloomberg ramble on about school reform and how his foolproof plans came to nothing. Nothing! Bloomberg has clearly had too much Dom Perignon.

“Sheese sheachers,” he grumbles, “they don' come fro’…burp…thaaa best schcools. Me? I wen’ to Haaavad. HAAAVAD, do you hear me?”

Several members of Congress, seated at the same long table nod. “God,” they’re thinking, “where did we go wrong?” That’s the question that looms over them all. They promised when No Child Left Behind was passed, that every boy and girl in America would be proficient in reading and math by...well...2014.

Now here it was, 2014....

At a nearby table, a dozen real teachers are blowing off steam after a hard week at work. They can hear the reformers crying in their beer — or Dom Perignon — and shake their heads in disbelief. They knew NCLB was a stupid idea from the start. But none of the lawmakers asked teachers what they thought.

“Hey, Congress sucks,” one educator shouts. She’s a veteran of twenty-one years in the classroom, teaching third grade math. That means she has more time working with kids than all the drunks at the other table put together.

“You’ve got a 9% approval rating in the latest poll,” she adds with teacher sarcasm. “Wake Rhee up and give her some pencils with erasers. That’s how she raised test scores.”

Her friends shush her but Duncan glances her way and starts blubbering. He was so sure his plan was going to work. 

“Nice SAT scores, Arne,” the obstreperous math teacher adds in a loud voice. Her friends shush her a second time.

Ah, yes. The SAT scores for college-bound students had just come out—and after a decade spent beating up on front line teachers, results were grim. Schools spent billions of dollars preparing for, administering and grading standardized tests.

They did exactly what the fools at the “leaders” table ordered them to do.

One of the classroom teachers has a copy of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores since 2002, when No Child Left Behind was implemented. He rises from his seat, walks to the other table, and hands it to the Secretary of Education. Duncan and his pals already know what it shows and that’s part of the reason they’re drinking:

                Math
                                     Reading
            Writing
                Total

2002-2003
507
519
2003-2004
508
518
2004-2005
508
520
2005-2006
503
518
497
1518
2006-2007
501
513
493
1507
2007-2008
500
514
493
1507
2008-2009
499
514
492
1505
2009-2010
500
515
491
1506
2010-2011
497
514
489
1500
2011-2012
496
514
488
1498
2012-2013
496
514
488
1498



Meanwhile, Speaker of the House John Boehner and Senate Leader Harry Reid share a bottle of expensive wine. They can’t pass any laws.

Might as well drown their sorrows.

Both men supported NCLB. Now they’ve seen stories in the paper about scores on the American College Test (ACT). “Maybe, these scores are really rising,” Boehner mumbles, “and we just can’t see it.” Reid shoots Boehner a funny look.

And how have U. S. students done on ACT tests in recent years? Again, our leaders know the picture is not pretty:


At the other table, a middle school history teacher is running down the 2013 ACT results for colleagues. Overall, scores are down slightly and he is trying not to sound bitter. He knows his “leaders” have made a giant mess of education over the last decade. 

The drunks at the “leaders” table have seen the same evidence and can’t quite fathom what it means. Before passing out, Rhee was making the case that scores on the National Assessment for Educational Progress proved all their ideas were working. For a few moments she had everyone listening.

Average reading scores for nine-year-olds, she had pointed out, were rising: 1971 (208); 2004 (219); 2012 (221).

(She waved the chart shown below at her buddies.)



Reading gains for 13-year-olds weren’t nearly as impressive: 1971 (255); 2004 (259); 2012 (263). Still, Rhee briefly had everyone at her table convinced that rising scores represented awesome academic progress!

At first, the Congress people felt better. It didn’t hurt when lobbyists at the bar, who represented all the biggest testing companies, sent over several bottles of champagne. The companies had had a great year and made $1.7 billion selling tests to America’s public school systems. 

Unfortunately, Rhee had to keep talking. Rhee always has to keep talking. When she mentioned reading scores for seventeen-year-olds conversation turned depressing. Older American students, the end product of the whole testing scheme, scored 285 in reading in 1971, dropped to 283 in 2004, and rebounded slightly, to 287 in 2012.

If anyone had asked the teachers at the other table they could have told them it would have done more good to spend all that money wasted on testing and buy books and hand them out to children. But, no, we had to listen to our genius leaders. We had to listen to Rhee and Duncan and Bloomberg and all those other pompous asses. When all was said and done reading scores were up by a measly 2 points for soon-to-graduate students.

Two points in forty-one years!



Well, then, perhaps math scores were surging. That would take some of the sting out of the pitiful reading reports. How were nine-year-olds doing in math? In 1978 they scored an average of 219; by 2004 they were up to 239; and in 2012 they hit 244.

That looked impressive.



Then again, every teacher in America understood the hidden cost. Time spent on reading and math instruction had risen in every state. But since most states had no tests in social studies or science and since you could hardly have standardized testing in art or music, time devoted to those subjects dwindled or vanished entirely.

David Berliner, in his book Collateral Damage, had noted—as a bonus—that cheating to meet testing goals was rampant. In fact, Rhee was trying to convince Senator Ted Cruz that she knew nothing about the cheating scandal in her old district when the lobbyist-supplied champagne took hold and she toppled from her seat.

No one had heard anything from her, except snoring, for the last fifteen minutes.

Even the math results looked grim. Again, there was a decent bump upward at the 13-year-old level. In 1978, U. S. students averaged a score of 264. By 2004, the average had risen to 279, and by 2012 it was 285.

Unfortunately, when the last billion was spent math gains were also anemic. In 1978, America’s 17-year-olds scored 300 in math. By 1992, the average score was 307 (before all the standardized tests); and that score remained unchanged in 2004.

And then, in 2012, it dropped by one point.

Why, if a teacher didn’t know better—he or she might think that students could have raised scores much more, and easily, if they’d done nothing but devote an extra ten hours per year, studying their own math and reading.

Of course, that would mean we expected students to play a role in raising scores. And we all know, because Duncan and his crowd tell us so, that the only way to raise scores is to “hold teachers accountable.”



By now, the drunks at the leaders table had been reduced to one faint hope. If only they could see progress on the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) tests, which pit our 15-year-olds against kids from other nations!

That afternoon the PISA results had been released! In 2000 the average score of U. S. teens in three areas was:

Math—493
Science—499
Reading—504

In 2009:

Math—487
Science—502
Reading—500

In 2013, the average 15-year-old American scored:

Math—481 (-12 points)
Science—497 (-2)
Reading—498 (-6)

Sweet Mother Mary—and in the name of John Dewey—all these brilliant reforms foisted on teachers and students.

Now, even the elitists at the other table knew they had failed. It was hard for men and women of such giant egos to admit.

So: they blamed it all on teachers.

Suddenly, Rhee roused herself from an alcoholic stupor. “Common Core will save us!” she insisted. Then she passed out for good.


***

If you liked this post, you might like my book about teaching, Two Legs Suffice, now available on Amazon.

Or contact me at vilejjv@yahoo.com and I can probably send you a copy direct, a little more cheaply. My book is meant to be a defense of all good teachers and a clear explanation of what good teachers can do, and what they cannot do.

Two Legs Suffice is also about what students, parents and others involved in education must do if we want to truly enhance learning.




Monday, December 16, 2013

PISA Wars: 2013 Scores “Prove” that America’s Schools (Hospitals, Police Stations and Gyms) Are Failing!

Let the gnashing of teeth begin! Unleash the editorial floodgates! Grab your children, parents, and hide them until it’s safe! 

America’s public schools have “failed again.” So say the critics. And this time they’ve got facts to prove it—well facts from one test!!! Once again our 15-year-olds got pummeled on the Program for International Student Assessment tests (PISA).

Somewhere in a Washington, D. C. bar, U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan is weeping in his beer.

How “bad” is it? Oh, very bad indeed!!! (We need extra exclamation points to make this clear!!!!!) As a reporter for the Christian Science Monitor explains it our kids finished 20th in reading out of 65 nations and provinces tested. They finished 23rd in science and 30th in math.

Well, what do PISA scores prove? Do they show that the last decade of U. S. school reform has made the situation worse? You could argue that. In fact, in the last three years, the United States has dropped from 10th in reading, 19th in science and 24th in math.[1]

Perhaps this flagellation over PISA scores is completely overblown. Start with the fact that before 2000 the test did not exist. Somehow, we managed to get along. And what do we really know if Japanese students, beat ours in all three areas?

Some of this should be obvious. Japanese students attend classes 240 days per year.[2] That means three years of school in Japan equal four years in the U. S. (Here in Ohio a school year is 180 days). Want to come to grips with how that might affect PISA math scores? Take two runners to the nearest track and tell them the winner of the race they are about to begin will be the person who runs the farthest in the next 240 seconds. Then tell one runner he cannot start until the other runner has a sixty-second lead. Then claim that the first runner was actually better. Or do what critics of America’s teachers do. Compare finishes and blame the losing coach.

Let’s say we want our kids to catch up. We could ask them to run harder. We could ask them to run longer. Or we might ask them to do both. Students from Australia also scored higher on the PISA tests and they attend classes 200 days per year. That means nine years in school Down Under equals ten in the United States. South Koreans have a significantly longer academic year. When classes end for the day they’re not done, either. Most South Korean teens head for after-hours cram sessions. An average day of studying for them is fourteen hours long.

If we want to “catch” the better runners we might copy their “training methods” too. Finland (see all charts below) has been held up as a model for us to follow. School critics in the U. S. turn out reams of articles indicating that we should copy the Finnish system. Finland selects teachers only from the top third of their college classes. Well, then, obviously, what we need in America are “smarter” teachers. Then America’s kids will all be fine. They will kick ass on the PISA test—even if they don’t work as long or as hard as peers in distant lands.

How about this idea? We take a page from Finland and do away with all school sports. Think of the time we could devote to studying math and science if we stopped shooting hoops and cutting time out of English class to send our students to football pep rallies! Yeah, that idea is really going to fly. Maybe we should eat more reindeer.

It’s working for the Finns.

Meanwhile, I think you can pull out all kinds of “comparative” charts and graphs and prove all kinds of nonsense if you desire. Consider our dismal ranking in the PISA reading rankings for 2013. Oh, woe, woe, woe! Our students finished 20th. Well, it looks like we’re screwed politically and economically then, too. In a recent ranking of government and business the United States finished behind eighteen nations when ranked for corruption. You read that right. We finished in 19th place! So, you might argue, that our reading teachers are doing a job comparable to our representatives in Congress and all the brilliant financiers on Wall Street.

(Sorry teachers:  I don’t mean to compare you to lawmakers in Washington. That seems like a truly low blow.)

Of course, these kinds of “comparisons” are absurd and counter-productive in the end. Yet the critics keep making them. So let’s use statistics in our own defense. Are U. S. teachers really failing? Are the schools a total mess?

Let’s start by comparing the latest PISA rankings in math (left column) and the latest life expectancy figures for select nations round the globe. We may have finished 30th in math. In life expectancy we did much worse. We came in 49th.

    PISA MATH                                                                   LIFE EXPECTANCY

1.      South Korea—554                                                          Monaco—89.6 years
2.      Japan—536                                                                    Japan—84.2                                     
3.      Lichtenstein—535                                                          Switzerland—82.3 
4.      Switzerland—531                                                           Australia—82.0
5.      Netherlands—523                                                          Italy—82.0
6.      Estonia—521                                                                 Lichtenstein—81.6
7.      Finland—519                                                                 Canada—81.6
8.      Canada—518                                                                France—81.6
9.      Poland—518                                                                  Sweden—81.3
10.   Belgium—515                                                                Israel—81.2
11.   Germany—514                                                              Iceland—81.1 
12.   Austria—506                                                                  Netherlands—81.0
13.   Australia—504                                                               Bermuda—80.9
14.   Ireland—501                                                                  New Zealand—80.9
15.   Slovenia—501                                                               Ireland—80.4
16.   Denmark—500                                                              Norway—80.4
17.   New Zealand—500                                                        Germany—80.3
18.   Czech Republic—499                                                   Jordan—80.3
19.   France—495                                                                  United Kingdom—80.3
20.   United Kingdom—494                                                    Greece—80.2
21.   Iceland—493                                                                  Austria—80.2
22.   Latvia—491                                                                    Luxembourg—79.9
23.   Luxembourg—490                                                         Belgium—79.6
24.   Norway—489                                                                 Virgin Islands—79.6
25.   Portugal—487                                                                Finland—79.6
26.   Italy—485                                                                       South Korea—79.6
27.   Spain—484                                                                    Denmark—78.9
28.   Russian Federation—482                                              Portugal—78.9
29.   Slovak Republic—482                                                    Guam—78.7
30.   UNITED STATES—481                                                 UNITED STATES—78.6
     (actual ranking:  49th out of 223 nations.)

Countries in green appear on both lists. You know what this means? If America’s teachers and schools are failing our doctors and hospitals are too!

What happens if we list scores in science (left) and homicide rates per 100,000 in population (right)? Let’s see how our great nation fares:

    PISA SCIENCE                                                                 HOMICIDE RATE

1.      Japan—547                                                                    Lichtenstein—0.0
2.      Finland—545                                                                  Japan—0.3
3.      Estonia—541                                                                  Bahrain—0.5
4.      South Korea—538                                                          Switzerland—0.6
5.      Poland—526                                                                   Czech Republic—0.8
6.      Canada—525                                                                  Luxembourg—0.8
7.      Lichtenstein—525                                                           Denmark—0.8
8.      Germany—524                                                               Austria—0.8
9.      Netherlands—522                                                          Slovenia—0.8
10.   Ireland—522                                                                   Spain—0.8 
11.   Australia—521                                                                Germany—0.8
12.   New Zealand—516                                                         New Zealand—0.9
13.   Switzerland—515                                                            Ireland—0.9
14.   Slovenia—514                                                                 Italy—0.9
15.   United Kingdom—514                                                     Iceland—0.9
16.   Czech Republic—508                                                    Sweden—0.9
17.   Austria—506                                                                   Australia—1.1
18.   Belgium—505                                                                 Portugal—1.1
19.   Latvia—502                                                                     Croatia—1.1
20.   France—499                                                                   Poland—1.2
21.   Denmark—498                                                               France—1.2
22.   UNITED STATES—497                                                  Hungary—1.4
23.   Lithuania—496                                                                Canada—1.5
24.   Spain—496                                                                     United Kingdom—1.5 (estimated)
25.   Norway—495                                                                  Romania—1.6
26.   Italy—494                                                                        Greece—1.6
27.   Hungary—494                                                                 Belgium—1.8
28.   Luxembourg—491                                                          Israel—2.0
29.   Croatia—491                                                                   Finland—2.2
30.   Portugal—489                                                                 UNITED STATES—4.7
                                                                                             (we rank 53rd out of 83 reporting nations)

Other countries with “terrible science teachers” would include:  Russia (486), Israel (470), Turkey (463), and Mexico (415). With all those lousy science teachers you wonder how Russia and Israel ever managed to invent their own atomic bombs.

As for terrible police:  we finished with more murders per capita than South Korea (2.6), Australia (1.1) and almost certainly the Netherlands (0.9 in an earlier report). Latvia was not cited either. So:  Estonia was the only country proven to have “better” science teachers and “worse” cops. The homicide rate in Estonia was 4.8.

Finally, let’s look at PISA reading scores and compare them with childhood poverty rates.

    PISA READING                                                               % OF CHILDREN LIVING IN POVERTY

1.      Japan—538                                                                    Finland—about 4%
2.      South Korea—536                                                          Netherlands—6
3.      Finland—524                                                                   Denmark—6
4.      Canada—523                                                                  Iceland—7
5.      Ireland—523                                                                    Norway—7
6.      Poland—518                                                                   Cyprus—7
7.      Lichtenstein—516                                                           Slovenia—7.5
8.      Estonia—516                                                                  Sweden—7.5
9.      Australia—512                                                                Austria—7.5
10.   New Zealand—512                                                          Ireland—8
11.   Netherlands—511                                                           Switzerland—9
12.   Switzerland—509                                                           Germany—9
13.   Belgium—509                                                                 Malta—9
14.   Germany—508                                                               France—9
15.   France—505                                                                  Czech Republic—9.5
16.   Norway—504                                                                  United Kingdom—10
17.   United Kingdom—499                                                    Hungary—10
18.   UNITED STATES—498                                                  Belgium—10
19.   Denmark—496                                                               Australia—11
20.   Czech Republic—493                                                    New Zealand—12 
21.   Austria—490                                                                   Luxembourg—12
22.   Italy—490                                                                        Estonia—12
23.   Latvia—489                                                                     Slovakia—13
24.   Hungary—488                                                                 Poland—14
25.   Luxembourg—488                                                          Canada—14
26.   Portugal—488                                                                 Japan—15
27.   Spain—488                                                                      Portugal—15
28.   Israel—486                                                                      Greece—15
29.   Croatia—485                                                                   Italy—17
30.   Iceland—483                                                                   Lithuania—17.5
     Spain—20
     Latvia—20.5
     Bulgaria—22
     UNITED STATES—23.5
     Romania—24
(the U. S. ranked 34th out of 35 members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)

Every nation that beat us in reading had lower childhood poverty rates—with South Korea not included as an OECD member and Lichtenstein not reporting.

Finally, I should note that workout facilities for adults in this country must be terrible. We have the evidence to prove it! Our dieticians and fitness trainers must be the worst in the whole wide world! Rating nations for obesity, we find Japanese dieticians and trainers must be great! Only 5% of Japanese adults are obese. The South Koreans are doing fine:  7.7% of their adults are obese. The Swiss, French, Swedes and Brazilians all beat us. Finland? Damn it! The Finns beat us again! Only 23% of Finland’s adults are obese. Could their secret be all those reindeer steaks they eat?

Yes! America’s trainers are failing!!!!! (Need more exclamation points!!!!!) One of every three Americans, 33%, are obese. Where do we rank when it comes to good eating and exercise?

We rank 174th.

I’m so depressed now, I think I’ll go eat some cookies. Or maybe grill up a juicy reindeer burger. Finland beats us every time.




[1] It’s hard to figure out which nations reporters are including. If Vietnam is counted the U. S. comes in 23rd in science—but 31st in math. When I looked at the lists and dropped Vietnam in all three categories it seemed we were 22nd in science. None of the lists I have drawn up include scores for Singapore, Hong Kong, or other Chinese cities that reported separately.
               Figures from 2010 also differ from those in the story by the Christian Science Monitor. In a comparison of PISA scores for 34 advanced nations the United States finished tied for 12th in reading, 25th in math and 17th in science,
[2] Other sources say the figure is 220 or 200.