Bibliography for History Posts - Numbering System Explained

  

I remember when school reformers insisted the biggest problem
in education was that teachers didn't come from the best colleges.

Bibliography

 

VERY EARLY in the process of taking down information, and dividing it by year in American history – on or about December 7, 2021, I managed to erase my bibliography. Since I throw most paperbacks away, after taking notes, I am unable to supply sources for every quote. 

Otherwise, if I follow a quote or section of material with the notation: (10/21-23), it means the material is from BOOK 10, pp. 21-23. Books are numbered with no rhyme nor reason, as I finished with them. 

I also supply links to all newspaper and magazine articles, and old books, which can be found online. 

In some rare cases, I have clippings or parts of stories I saved long ago, and cannot identify the source. I mark those accordingly.

 

Finally, where you see: 

NOTE TO TEACHERS: I have suggested ideas I believe might work in a classroom. Many I used myself, during 33 years in teaching. For example, I realized, the last time I visited California, that the tallest redwood trees – which reach 360 feet – are exactly as tall as a football field, including both endzones, stood up on end. So, you could use this picture in your classroom, to make that point. Almost all pictures included in my posts are out of copyright, or I took them myself. 

Feel free to use any you want. 

My wife with the redwood.

 

Ammon, Harry, James Monroe: The Quest for American Identity (McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.: 1971) BOOK 24 

Andrews, E. Benjamin, History of the United States, Vol. II, Vol. IV (Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, N.Y.: 1925) BOOK 2 (II) and BOOK 4 (IV) 

Andrews, E. Benjamin, The History of the Last Quarter-Century om the United States, 1870-1895 Vol. I (Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, N.Y.: 1896) BOOK 11 

Bosworth, Allan R., America’ Concentration Camps (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, N.Y.: 1967) BOOK 500 

Bowen, Ezra, ed. This Fabulous Century, 1930 to 1940 (Time-Life Books, New York, N.Y.: 1969) BOOK 1129 

Bowers, Claude G., The Tragic Era: The Revolution after Lincoln (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts: 1929, 1957) BOOK 105 

(Bowers’ book is execrable: Racism masquerading as history.)

 Cain, Ella M., The Story of Bodie (Fearon Publishers, San Francisco, California: 1956) BOOK 59 

Carson, W.E., Mexico: The Wonderland of the South (Macmillan Company, New York, New York: 1914) BOOK 16 

 

Bodie, California - ghost town.

Carter, Paul A., editor, The Uncertain World of Normalcy: The 1920s (Jerome S. Ozer, Publisher Inc., New York, New York: 1971) BOOK 155 

Catton, Bruce, A Stillness at Appomattox BOOK 1122 

Catton, Bruce, Mr. Lincoln’s Army (Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York: 1951) BOOK 62 

Catton, Bruce, Glory Road (Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York: 1952) BOOK 63 

 

Museum at Gettysburg.

Coffin, Charles, Building a Nation (1882) BOOK 72 

Coe, Fanny E., Makers of the Nation (1914) BOOK 73 

Daniels, Roger, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II (The Dryden Press, Hinsdale, Illinois: 1971) BOOK 104 

The copyright to Daniels’ book was held by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.

 

Depew, Chauncey M., My Memories of Eighty Years (Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, N.Y.: 1923) BOOK 123 

DeVoto, Bernard, The Year of Decision: 1846 (Boston, Little, Brown and Company: 1943) BOOK 5 

Douglas, Henry Kyd, I Rode With Stonewall (Fawcett Publications, Inc., Greenwich, Conn.: 1961) BOOK 20 

Earle, Alice Morse, Child Life in Colonial Days (The Macmillan Company, New York, N.Y.: 1915) BOOK 226 

Ellis, Edward, The Youth’s History of the United States (1893) BOOK 32 

Ellis, Edward S., Library of American History (The Charles Barrett Co.: 1905) Last copyright listed is for The Jones Brothers, Publishing Co. BOOK 33 

Empey, Guy, First Call: Guide Posts to Berlin (G.P. Putnam’s Sons: New York, N.Y.: 1918) BOOK 18 

Finley, Ruth E., The Lady of Godey’s: Sarah Joseph Hale (J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa.: 1931) BOOK 113 

Franklin, Penelope, Private Pages: Diaries of American Women 1830s – 1970s (Ballantine Books, New York, New York 1986) BOOK 25 

Freeman, Douglas Southall, Lee, abridged by Richard Harwell, (Collier Books, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, New York: 1961, 1991) BOOK 22 

Friendly, Fred, Due to Circumstances Beyond Our Control (Random House, New York, N.Y.: 1967) BOOK 34 

Goldman, Eric F., The Crucial Decade – And After: America, 1946-1960, (notes from my old paperback edition; will have to look for the copyright information) BOOK 1 

Halberstam, David, The Best and the Brightest (Random House, New York, N.Y.: 1969, 1971) BOOK 491 

Halle, Louis J., The Cold War as History (Harper & Row, New York, N.Y.: 1975) BOOK 75 

Halleck, Reuben Post, History of American Literature (American Book Company, Cincinnati, Ohio: 1911) BOOK 30 

Handlin, Oscar, Boston’s Immigrants: A Study in Acculturations (Atheneum, New York, N.Y.: 1974) BOOK 21 

Hartwell, E.C., Story Hour Readings: Fourth Year (American Book Company, Cincinnati, Ohio: 1921) BOOK 35 

The Irish with their Catholic faith were seen as a threat.
Picture not in blogger's possession.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, The Scarlett Letter and Selected Tales, edited by Thomas E. Connolly (Penguin Books, New York, New York: 1970) BOOK 7 

Hendricks, Mrs. Thomas A., A Popular History of Indiana (The Indianapolis Sentinel Co., Indianapolis, Indiana: 1891) BOOK 91 

Holley, Marietta, Samantha Among the Brethren (Funk & Wagnalls, New York, New York: 1890) BOOK 15 

Keesing’s Research Report, Race Relations in the USA, 1954-1968 (Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, New York: 1970) BOOK 27 

Lancaster, Bruce and Plumb, J. H., The American Heritage Book of the Revolution (Dell Publishing, New York, N.Y.: 1958) BOOK 48 

Least Heat Moon, William, Blue Highways (Little, Brown and Company: Boston, 1982) BOOK 101 

Least Heat Moon, William, PrairyErth (Houghton Mifflin: Boston, Massachusetts, 1991) BOOK 100 

Lief, Alfred, Harvey Firestone: Free Man of Enterprise (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, New York: 1951) BOOK 23 

Madison, James, Notes of the Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 (W.W. Norton and Company, New York, N.Y.: 1987) BOOK 87 

 

Madison and the others had a good plan for government.

McMaster, John Bach, A Brief History of the United States (American Book Company, New York, New York: 1907) BOOK 97 

McLaughlin, Andrew; A History of the American Nation (1911) BOOK 56 

Mencken, H. L., The Vintage Mencken (gathered by Alistair Cooke) (Vintage Books, New York, New York: 1956) BOOK 49 

Miller, John C., The First Frontier: Life in Colonial America (Dell Publishing, Laurel Edition: New York, N.Y.: 1975) BOOK 300 

Morris, Charles, The Greater Republic (John C. Winston & Co.: Philadelphia, 1899) BOOK 99 

Morrison, Toni, Beloved (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York: 1987) BOOK 57 

Murphy, Elizabeth Taft (editor: Maryjane Hooper Tonn). I Remember. Do You? A Nostalgic Look at Yesterday: From the Twenties – to the Fifties (Ideals Publishing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: 1973) BOOK 301 

Northrup, Henry Davenport, Life and Deeds of General Sherman: Including the Story of His March to the Sea (J. H. Moore & Co., Philadelphia, Pa.: 1891) BOOK 36 

Norton, Mary Beth, Founding Mothers and Fathers (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, N.Y.: 1996) BOOK 47 

O’Brien, Tim, The Things They Carried (Penguin Books, New York, New York: 1990) BOOK 46 

O’Rourke, P.J., Parliament of Whores (Vintage Books, New York, New York: 1991) BOOK 88 

Post, C. C., Driven from Sea to Sea: Just a Campin’ (J.E. Downey & Co., Chicago, Ill.: 1884) BOOK 37 

Ridpath, John Clark, various books, somewhat jumbled in my notes, including Ridpath’s History of the World, Vol. I, Vol. VII, Vol. VIII, Vol. IX (Jones Brothers, Cincinnati, Ohio: 1907); The Great Races of Mankind (not sure of volume or date of publication), With the World’s People (Jones Brothers, Cincinnati, Ohio: 1912) BOOK 38 

Ridpath, John Clark, People’s History of the United States (Historical Publishing Company, Philadelphia, 1895) BOOK 1219 

Sadlier, Sadlier’s Excelsior Studies in the History of the United States for Schools (New York, New York: William H. Sadlier: 1879 and 1896 by William H. Sadlier; 1907 and 1910 by Annie M. Sadlier) BOOK 19 

Smith, Paige, Daughters of the Promised Land (Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Mass.: 1970) BOOK 45 

Spofford, Harriet Prescott, Stepping-Stones to Happiness (The Christian Herald, New York, N.Y.: 1897) BOOK 39 

Sullivan, Robert (managing editor), The 1960s (Life Books, New York, New York: 2014) BOOK 60

 

A little 60's style.

Tarkington, Booth, Seventeen (Grosset & Dunlap, New York, New York: 1915, 1916) BOOK 17 

Taylor, James Wickes, The Diary of James Wickes Taylor, ed. James Taylor Dunn (The Ohio State Archeological and Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio: 1950) BOOK 102 

Taylor, William O., With Custer on the Little Big Horn (Penguin Books USA: New York, New York, 1996) BOOK 76 

Terkel, Studs, The Good War ( New York, New York, Pantheon Books:1984) BOOK 103 

Thayer, William M., Marvels of the New West (Henry Bill, Norwich, Connecticut: 1890) BOOK 6 

Van Loon, Hendrik, America (Tudor Publishing Co.: 1927) BOOK 124 

Walworth, Arthur, Woodrow Wilson (Penguin Books or Pelican Books, Baltimore, Maryland, 1969) BOOK 10 

Whitlock, Brand, Her Infinite Variety (The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, Indiana: 1904) BOOK 9 

Whittier, John Greenleaf, The Complete Poetical Works (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Cambridge, Mass: 1892)  BOOK 31 

Wolfskill, George, Happy Days Are Here Again! (Dryden Press, Hinsdale, Illinois: 1974) BOOK 1127    

1782

 

__________

 

“A faithful study of the liberal arts humanizes character and permits it not to be cruel.” 

Ovid.

__________

NOTE TO TEACHERS: Will students understand what happens to paper money, if a government collapses?

SIR HENRY CLINTON and British forces continue to occupy New York City, all during the year.

 

    Enlistments in the American army run out, and the number of men under arms gradually declines.

 

*

 

January 23: According to the diary of Abner Weston, recently recovered, Deborah Sampson attempts to enlists in the Continental Army, not earlier, as she would later claim. Weston himself had served in the Massachusetts militia and in his diaries (he created three) talks about being sent to Rhode Island to help defend that state in 1780.

 

    On this date, he wrote: “Their hapend a uncommon affair at this time, for Deborah Samson of this town dress her self in men’s cloths and hired her self to Israel Wood to go into the three years Servis. But being found out returnd the hire and paid the Damages.”

 

    Caught once, in May she tried again, shifting her plan to Bellingham, forty miles away. This time, in a town where no one knew her, she succeeded, enlisting under the name of Robert Shurtleff.

 

    The New York Times notes:

 

    Dressing as a man was considered a crime in Massachusetts at the time, and Sampson’s audacity later invited the wrath of the Baptist church. In September 1782, while she, long gone, served with her unit under an assumed name, church elders, still reeling from her earlier attempt to enlist, excommunicated her, citing her for “dressing in men’s cloths and inlisting” and other conduct they considered “loose and unChristian like.”

 

    After the war, Sampson fought to get a veteran’s pension, a partially successful battle in which she had the aid of Paul Revere and John Hancock

 

    As The New York Times explains, his third diary, just found, “is a hand-stitched, 68-page account of the period between March 28, 1781 and August 16, 1782, which Weston updated while back home in Middleborough, Mass., where Sampson also lived.”

 

*

 

Step forward, if “inclined toward mercy.”

 

March 8: The Lenni Lenape (or Delaware Indians) living in Ohio face a difficult decision. They have already moved west once, to remove themselves from the path of the settlers, and also to put distance between themselves and their bitter enemies, the Iroquois.

 

    With the outbreak of the Revolution, they must decide whether to throw in their lot with the British or the Americans.

 

    Like the Americans, themselves, who split, Patriot, Tory, and neutral, the Lenni Lenape divided. A Christian group, having learned pacifism from Moravian missionaries, like David Zeisberger (who had been working with the natives since 1771) settled at Gnadenhutten. Many Lenape living near Coshocton joined the fighting against the settlers; but a punishing raid against the Ohio tribes in 1781 did not molest the Indians at Gnadenhutten, largely due to the refusal of Col. Daniel Brodhead to allow his troops to destroy the Christian Indian towns.

 

    The missionaries continued to worry about being dragged into the war. Passing warriors from other tribes and even some Lenni Lenape, who had decided to join the British side, tried to convince men at Gnadenhutten to give up the path of Christianity and join them in battle.

 

    As Zeisberger put it,

 

Satan rages … not only from without, but also from within. For in the church there were people who upheld them [the warlike natives] in their false dispositions and applauded them, who wished to establish by force that wicked life of his and heathenism. If we oppose them they become angry and set on the wild Indians against us … Such a change has now come in the Indian church that the bad, wicked people can not be cast out, but they wish to be there and to cause harm in the church, for they in the wild towns have occasion enough therefor and no one would say any thing to them about their sinful life.”

 

    Suspecting that Zeisberger was secretly supplying the Americans with information, the British forced the Christian Indians to move north to what became known as “Captives Town.” They were not fed well, and in February 1782 returned to Gnadenhutten to harvest crops and gather food stored there. A native raiding party that had attacked settlements in Pennsylvania passed by on their way home, telling the Christian Indians that they had impaled two prisoners, a woman and child, on the western bank of the Ohio River. Soon after, the Moravian community was surprised by a force of frontier militia, led by Lt. Col. David Williamson. The soldiers gathered together 96 Lenni Lenape, and argued about what should be done with them. Williamson lined his men up, told any of more than a hundred men present to step forward if “inclined to mercy.”

 

    Only 16 or 18 stepped forward and it was decided: All the prisoners would be killed.

 

    The prisoners were divided in two buildings, one for men, one for women and children. After they were told of the vote, they spent the night praying and singing hymns.

 

    Several of the militia men refused to take part in any killing. One who voted against it was Obadiah Holmes Jr. He described what happened the next day:

 

one Nathan Rollins & brother [who] had had a father & uncle killed took the lead in murdering the Indians, ...& Nathan Rollins had tomahawked nineteen of the poor Moravians, & after it was over he sat down & cried, & said it was no satisfaction for the loss of his father & uncle after all.

 

    The toll included 28 men, 29 women and 39 children, most victims having been scalped. At least one boy, some say two, escaped to tell the story. One survivor was supposedly scalped, but lived.

 

    Another account says 34 victims were children.

 

    Ben Franklin heard news of the massacre even in faraway France. In a letter to a friend in England, he wrote:  

 

the abominable Murders committed by some of the frontier People on the poor Moravian Indians, has given me infinite Pain and Vexation. The Dispensations of Providence in this World puzzle my weak Reason. I cannot comprehend why cruel Men should have been permitted thus to destroy their Fellow Creatures.

 

    Three decades later, Tecumseh could still remind General William Henry Harrison of the heartless murder of the Moravian Indians. “You recall the time when the Jesus Indians of the Delawares lived near the Americans,” he said in 1810, “and had confidence in their promises of friendship, and thought they were secure, yet the Americans murdered all the men, women, and children, even as they prayed to Jesus?”

 

    In 1889, Theodore Roosevelt could call the massacre “a stain on frontier character that the lapse of time cannot wash away.”

Picture from Wikipedia.

 

*

 

    Col. William Crawford, a friend of George Washington, was captured by Lenape warriors a few months later. He had had no hand in the attack at Gnadenhutten.

 

    A friend of Crawford’s, Dr. Knight, also taken prisoner at that time, told the writer James B. Finley what happened. The unfortunate Crawford was tied to a pole in the middle of their village and preparations made for torture.

 

a loud whoop burst from the Indians, and they all rushed at once upon the unfortunate Crawford. For several seconds the crowd was so great around him that Knight could not see what they were doing. But in a short time they had spread out, and he had a view of Colonel Crawford.

 

    His ears had been cut off, and the blood was streaming down each side of his face. A terrible scene of torture now began. The warriors shot charges of gunpowder into his naked body, starting at the calves of his legs, and continuing to his neck. The boys snatched burning hickory poles and stuck them on his flesh. As fast as he ran around the stake [where he was tied by a 15-foot rope] to avoid one group...he was met...by another party. They used burning poles, red-hot irons, and rifles loaded with powder only. In a few minutes nearly one hundred shots of powder had been fired into his body, which had become black and blistered in a dreadful manner. The squaws would take up quantities of coals and hot ashes and throw them upon his body, so that in a few moments he had nothing to walk on but fire.

 

    [After two hours]...Crawford had become much exhausted. He walked slowly around the stake, speaking in a low tone. He [begged] God to look with pity upon him, and pardon his sins. His nerves had lost much of their feeling, and he no longer shrunk [away] from the fire-brands with which he was constantly touched. At last he sunk in a fainting fit upon his face and lay motionless. Instantly an Indian sprung upon his back, kneeled lightly on one knee, and made a circular cut with his knife upon the top of Crawford’s head. Clapping his knife between his teeth, he tore the scalp off with both hands. Hardly had this been done when an old woman approached with a board full of burning embers, and poured them upon the crown of his head, now laid bare to the bone. The Colonel groaned deeply, arose, and again walked slowly around the stake. But why continue a description so horrible? Nature at length could stand no more, and at a late hour in the night Crawford was released by death from the hands of his tormentors.

 

NOTE TO TEACHERS: I sometimes paired these two incidents and tried to show students how one atrocity led to another, in a chain of events, until it became almost impossible to see who was to blame. Usually, the innocent suffered for the sins of the guilty, on both sides of the fighting.

 

    I called it the “Cycle of Violence.” I think the same cycle plays out in gang warfare in American cities, in clashes between Bosnians and Serbs, and for many years did also in Northern Ireland, between Protestant and Catholic.

 

    You can pick all kinds of examples: Israeli vs. Palestinian, Hindu vs. Muslim in India, etc.

1783

 

_________ 

“A thin ghost of a government.” 

Benjamin Andrews.

__________

Newspaper printing.

January: In October 1781, Congress asked the states for $8,000,000 to fund the national government; in January 1783, it had received less than half a million. 

    “The war had cost about $150,000,000. In 1783 the debt was $42,000,000 – $8,000,000 owed to France and Holland, and the rest at home. … Five millions were owing to the army.” (2/162-173)

 

* 

June: “A handful of Pennsylvania troops, clamoring for their pay, besieged the doors of Congress, and that august body had to take refuge in precipitate flight.” (2/162-173) 

    The problem of pay was solved, in part, by issuing land warrants to state militia and Continental veterans, “instruments which the holder could either convert into acres of his own or sell for spot cash. In most states, this redistribution of land made the status of “freeholder” available to almost everyone. 

    Speculators did snap up many of these warrants. Still, by the end of the year, more than 25,000 settlers were living west of the Allegheny Mountains. (48/365)

 

* 

September 3: Once peace was agreed to, the Americans had to adapt from a revolutionary mindset, which is “negative,” that is fighting against that which they did not like, and build something better.

 

    Says Van Loon,

 

    Thus far the American rebels had been held together by a common ideal which consisted mostly of things they did not want to do. For example, they did not want to pay taxes to the British government. They did not want to have bishops of the official British church appointed for America . They did not want the King to tell them they must keep out of certain western lands which were supposed to be reserved for the Indians. They did not want Parliament to put a duty on their tea and on their glass and on their paint. They did not want to do this and they did not want to do that.

 

    But now the period of the “don’ts” had come to an end.

 

    The much less exciting era of the “do’s” had begun.

 

    He compares what they had done to “a surgical operation,” say, to remove a tumor, “or the destruction of an old building that has outlived its usefulness.”(124/237)

 

    It was time to build a nation.

 

* 

AFTER THE WAR: James Monroe “declined all recompense for his services, as he had done throughout most of the Revolution. His fortune was small, he told Jefferson, but he looked upon it as his duty to make this contribution to the common cause.” Monroe did receive a land bounty of 5,333 1/3 acres in Kentucky. In all he succeeded in patenting more than 100,000 acres. (24/33, 38)

 

* 

November: Attendance in Congress dwindled. “Less than twenty delegates were present, representing but seven States…” “The Government was an engine without steam.” 

    It was “a thin ghost of a government set in charge over a lot of lusty flesh-and-blood States.” (2/162-173)

* 

IT HAS BEEN “estimated that the reading-matter in all the forty-three papers which existed at the close of the Revolution would not fill ten pages of the New York Herald now.”  (2/26)